During this time, Ono's father, who had been in Hanoi, was believed to be in a prisoner of war camp in China. In one anecdote, her mother traded a German-made sewing machine for 60 kilograms (130 lb) of rice to feed the family. Other stories tell of her mother bringing a large number of goods to the countryside, where they were bartered for food. Ono said it was during this period in her life that she developed her "aggressive" attitude and understanding of "outsider" status. Starvation was rampant in the destruction that followed the Tokyo bombings the Ono family was forced to beg for food while pulling their belongings in a wheelbarrow. Ono later went to the Karuizawa mountain resort with members of her family.
She remained in Tokyo throughout World War II and the fire-bombing of March 9, 1945, during which she was sheltered with other family members in a special bunker in Tokyo's Azabu district, away from the heavy bombing. Ono was enrolled in Keimei Gakuen, an exclusive Christian primary school run by the Mitsui family. The next year, Eisuke was transferred from New York City to Hanoi, and the family returned to Japan. The family moved to New York City in 1940. She attended kabuki performances with her mother, who was trained in shamisen, koto, otsuzumi, kotsuzumi, nagauta, and could read Japanese musical scores. Ono was enrolled in piano lessons from the age of 4, until the age of 12 or 13. In 1937, the family was transferred back to Japan, and Ono enrolled at Tokyo's elite Gakushūin (also known as the Peers School), one of the most exclusive schools in Japan. Her younger brother Keisuke was born in December 1936. The rest of the family followed soon after, with Ono first meeting her father when she was two years old.
Two weeks before Ono's birth, Eisuke was transferred to San Francisco, California by his employer, the Yokohama Specie Bank. The kanji translation of Yōko ( 洋子) means "ocean child". Eisuke came from a long line of samurai warrior-scholars. Isoko's maternal grandfather Zenjiro Yasuda ( 安田 善次郎, Yasuda Zenjirō) was an affiliate of the Yasuda clan and zaibatsu. Ono was born on February 18, 1933, in Tokyo City, to Isoko Ono ( 小野 磯子, Ono Isoko) (1911-1999) and Eisuke Ono ( 小野 英輔, Ono Eisuke), a wealthy banker and former classical pianist.
In 2002, she inaugurated a biennial $50,000 LennonOno Grant for Peace. She has made significant philanthropic contributions to the arts, peace, disaster relief in Japan and the Philippines, and other causes. She funded the Strawberry Fields memorial in Manhattan's Central Park, the Imagine Peace Tower in Iceland, and the John Lennon Museum in Saitama, Japan (which closed in 2010). Īs Lennon's widow, Ono works to preserve his legacy. Many musicians have paid tribute to Ono as an artist in her own right and as a muse and icon, including Elvis Costello, the B-52's, Sonic Youth and Meredith Monk. To date, she has had twelve number one singles on the US Dance charts, and in 2016 was named the 11th most successful dance club artist of all time by Billboard magazine. She achieved commercial and critical acclaim in 1980 with the chart-topping album Double Fantasy, a collaboration with Lennon that was released three weeks before his murder, winning the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. Ono began a career in popular music in 1969, forming the Plastic Ono Band with Lennon and producing a number of avant-garde music albums in the 1970s. Together they had one son, Sean, who later also became a musician. She and Lennon remained married until he was murdered in front of the couple's apartment building, the Dakota, on 8 December 1980. The couple used their honeymoon as a stage for public protests against the Vietnam War. She became involved with New York City's downtown artists scene in the early 1960s, which included the Fluxus group, and became well known in 1969 when she married English musician John Lennon of the Beatles. Ono grew up in Tokyo and moved to New York in 1953 with her family. Her work also encompasses performance art, which she performs in both English and Japanese, and filmmaking. Yoko Ono ( / ˈ oʊ n oʊ/ OH-noh Japanese: 小野 洋子, romanized: Ono Yōko, usually spelled in katakana オノ・ヨーコ born February 18, 1933) is a Japanese multimedia artist, singer, songwriter, and peace activist.
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